How can lice be killed at home? - briefly
Apply a 1% permethrin or pyrethrin shampoo, rinse with hot water, then comb the hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb; simultaneously wash all bedding and clothing in water ≥ 130 °F and tumble‑dry on high heat.
How can lice be killed at home? - in detail
Eliminating head‑lice infestations without professional assistance requires a systematic approach that combines chemical, mechanical, and environmental tactics.
First, apply an over‑the‑counter pediculicide that contains either pyrethrin or permethrin. Follow the product label precisely: apply the lotion or shampoo to dry hair, leave it on for the recommended duration, then rinse thoroughly. If resistance is suspected, a prescription‑only agent such as malathion or ivermectin may be required; obtain it from a healthcare provider.
Second, remove surviving insects manually. Use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet, conditioned hair. Divide the scalp into sections, comb each section from scalp to tip, and wipe the comb after every pass. Repeat the combing process at least twice, 7–10 days apart, to capture newly hatched nymphs.
Third, treat personal items and the surrounding environment. Wash all bedding, clothing, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 130 °F/54 °C) and dry on high heat for at least 30 minutes. For items that cannot be laundered, place them in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks, which deprives lice of a food source. Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and vehicle seats; discard the vacuum bag or clean the canister afterward.
Fourth, consider heat‑based methods for hair that cannot tolerate chemicals. A hair dryer set to high heat can be applied to sections of hair for 10–15 seconds, raising the temperature to lethal levels for both lice and eggs. Alternatively, a professional‑grade steam device can be used, ensuring the scalp is not burned.
Fifth, evaluate natural adjuncts cautiously. Studies show that 1 % tea‑tree oil or 5 % neem oil may have limited ovicidal activity, but they should not replace approved treatments. If used, apply the oil to clean, dry hair, leave it for 30 minutes, then wash out.
Finally, monitor the situation for at least three weeks. Conduct weekly inspections with a nit comb, and repeat treatment if any live lice are detected. Maintaining the above regimen eliminates the infestation and prevents recurrence.