How can lice be eliminated with medication? - briefly
Effective treatment uses topical pediculicides such as permethrin or pyrethrin applied to the scalp, followed by a second application after 7–10 days to kill newly hatched nits; oral ivermectin is an alternative for resistant cases. Proper combing with a fine-toothed lice comb after each application removes remaining eggs.
How can lice be eliminated with medication? - in detail
Pharmaceutical treatment of head‑lice infestations relies on agents that kill both the insects and, in many cases, their eggs. Effective regimens combine a properly selected product, correct application, and a follow‑up dose to address any newly hatched nymphs.
Commonly available topical agents include:
- 1 % permethrin cream rinse – neurotoxin that paralyzes lice; resistance has reduced efficacy in some regions.
- Pyrethrins combined with piperonyl‑butoxide – enhances insecticide penetration; similar resistance concerns.
- 0.5 % malathion lotion – organophosphate that disrupts nervous system; safe for children over 6 months.
- 5 % benzyl alcohol lotion – suffocates lice without affecting eggs; requires a second application after 7 days.
- 0.9 % spinosad suspension – derived from bacterial fermentation; kills lice and many eggs in a single use.
- Oral ivermectin tablets – systemic action; prescribed when topical options fail or are contraindicated.
Prescription‑only options may include higher‑strength permethrin or a combination of ivermectin with a topical agent for resistant cases.
A typical treatment protocol proceeds as follows:
- Apply the chosen product to dry hair, ensuring coverage from scalp to tips; leave on for the manufacturer‑specified duration (usually 10 minutes).
- Rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water; avoid shampooing for 24 hours to maintain residual activity.
- Comb wet hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb, removing detached insects and nits.
- Wash bedding, hats, and personal items in hot water (≥ 60 °C) or seal them in a plastic bag for two weeks.
- Repeat the application after 7–10 days to eliminate any lice that hatched from surviving eggs.
- Perform a second nit‑combing session 2–3 days after the repeat dose to verify eradication.
Safety considerations: read label warnings regarding age limits, pregnancy, and allergic reactions. For children under two months, avoid permethrin and malathion; benzyl alcohol or spinosad may be appropriate alternatives. In cases of severe allergy or skin irritation, oral ivermectin offers a non‑topical route.
Resistance monitoring: if lice persist after two full treatment cycles, switch to a different class of insecticide or combine oral and topical therapy under medical supervision.
Proper execution of these steps, combined with diligent environmental sanitation, achieves reliable elimination of head lice using medication.