How can domestic lice be killed? - briefly
Effective eradication relies on thorough cleaning and the use of an approved pediculicide. Wash all bedding and clothing in hot water, apply the insecticide according to label directions, and repeat treatment after seven days to eliminate any surviving nymphs.
How can domestic lice be killed? - in detail
Domestic lice infestations require a combination of direct treatment and environmental sanitation. Effective eradication hinges on eliminating both the insects on the host and their viable eggs in the surroundings.
Chemical agents provide rapid knock‑down of live lice. Over‑the‑counter products containing pyrethrins, permethrin (1 %), or dimethicone are applied to the scalp according to label instructions, left for the specified duration, then rinsed. Prescription formulations such as malathion (0.5 %) or ivermectin lotion offer alternatives when resistance is suspected. Proper dosing prevents re‑infestation and minimizes skin irritation.
Mechanical removal complements chemicals. A fine‑tooth nit comb, passed through wet hair from scalp to tips, extracts live insects and nits. Repeating combing every 2–3 days for two weeks removes newly hatched lice before they mature. Manual extraction reduces reliance on insecticides and limits exposure to chemical residues.
Environmental control removes residual eggs and surviving insects from the home. Recommended actions include:
- Washing all clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in water ≥ 60 °C, then drying on high heat.
- Sealing non‑washable items in airtight bags for two weeks to starve hidden lice.
- Vacuuming carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats; discarding vacuum bags or cleaning canisters afterward.
- Cleaning hairbrushes, combs, and hats in hot, soapy water for at least 10 minutes.
Alternative treatments such as tea‑tree oil, neem oil, or heated air devices are reported anecdotally; scientific evidence of efficacy remains limited. Dimethicone, a silicone‑based product, acts by coating lice and obstructing respiration, offering a non‑neurotoxic option with low allergenic potential.
Safety considerations demand adherence to age‑specific product guidelines, avoidance of excessive application, and monitoring for adverse skin reactions. In cases of persistent infestation after multiple treatment cycles, consultation with a healthcare professional ensures appropriate prescription therapy and confirmation of correct technique.