How can a subcutaneous tick in a dog be treated? - briefly
The embedded tick beneath the canine’s skin must be removed surgically with sterile instruments, taking care to extract the entire organism. Apply a topical acaricide, monitor for signs of infection, and administer antibiotics if bacterial involvement is suspected.
How can a subcutaneous tick in a dog be treated? - in detail
Subcutaneous ticks embed beneath the skin, often escaping visual detection. Early identification relies on palpation of firm, localized swellings and, when necessary, ultrasonography to confirm the presence of a live parasite.
Removal procedures include:
- Pre‑procedure analgesia and sedation to minimize distress.
- Sterile preparation of the area with an antiseptic solution.
- Small‑incision technique: a 2–3 mm skin incision directly over the swelling, followed by gentle extraction of the tick with fine forceps, ensuring the mouthparts are not ruptured.
- Closure of the incision with absorbable sutures or tissue adhesive, then application of a sterile dressing.
Post‑extraction management comprises:
- Systemic antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline 5 mg/kg PO BID for 7–10 days) to prevent secondary bacterial infection.
- Anti‑inflammatory medication (e.g., carprofen 2 mg/kg PO SID) to reduce inflammation.
- Monitoring for signs of systemic illness, such as fever, lethargy, or anorexia, for at least two weeks.
- Repeat ultrasonographic examination after 7 days to verify complete removal and absence of residual tissue reaction.
Preventive measures focus on tick avoidance and rapid detection:
- Monthly ectoparasitic preventatives containing afoxolaner, fluralaner, or sarolaner.
- Regular grooming sessions to inspect for early skin changes, especially after outdoor exposure.
- Environmental control, including regular yard maintenance and use of acaricidal treatments in high‑risk areas.
Adherence to these protocols maximizes the likelihood of complete parasite elimination, minimizes complications, and supports overall canine health.