By what method can lice be removed? - briefly
Lice are eradicated by applying an approved pediculicide shampoo or lotion and then using a fine‑toothed nit comb to extract the insects and their eggs. A second treatment 7–10 days later eliminates any newly hatched lice.
By what method can lice be removed? - in detail
Lice infestations require a systematic approach that combines direct treatment of the scalp and thorough decontamination of the environment. The process begins with confirming the presence of live nits or adult insects, then selecting an appropriate eradication technique based on age, severity, and resistance patterns.
Chemical agents
- Permethrin 1 % lotion applied to dry hair, left for 10 minutes, then rinsed.
- Pyrethrin combined with piperonyl butoxide, used similarly to permethrin.
- Malathion 0.5 % lotion for resistant cases; leave on for 8–12 hours before washing.
- Benzyl alcohol 5 % shampoo, applied for 10 minutes, repeated after 7 days.
- Ivermectin 0.5 % lotion, a single 10‑minute application, effective against resistant strains.
Prescription options
- Spinosad 0.9 % suspension, 10‑minute exposure, no repeat needed in most cases.
- Oral ivermectin 200 µg/kg single dose, reserved for severe or refractory infestations.
Mechanical removal
- Fine‑toothed nit comb used on wet, conditioned hair; comb from scalp outward, repeat every 2–3 days for two weeks.
- Wet combing with a regular fine comb, following the same schedule, offers a chemical‑free alternative.
Physical methods
- Heat treatment: hair dryer set to high temperature, applied for at least 30 seconds per section, destroys lice and nits.
- Steam devices designed for scalp use, maintaining 50 °C for 10 minutes.
- Hot oil (olive or coconut) heated to 45 °C, applied, covered with a plastic cap for 30 minutes, then combed.
Environmental control
- Wash all bedding, clothing, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in water ≥ 60 °C; dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in airtight bags for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats; discard vacuum bags immediately.
- Avoid sharing combs, hats, or hair accessories during treatment.
Follow‑up
- Re‑examine scalp 7 days after initial treatment; retreat if live lice persist.
- Continue nit combing for at least 14 days to eliminate newly hatched insects.
- Document any adverse reactions; discontinue chemical agents if irritation occurs and switch to mechanical or physical alternatives.
A combination of chemical or prescription therapy with diligent nit removal and strict environmental hygiene yields the highest success rate and minimizes recurrence.