Why is a subcutaneous mite dangerous? - briefly
Subcutaneous mites embed within the dermal layers, provoking intense inflammation, allergic reactions, and secondary bacterial infections that may spread systemically. Their tissue‑penetrating activity can damage blood vessels and compromise local immune defenses.
Why is a subcutaneous mite dangerous? - in detail
Subcutaneous mites invade the dermal layer, where they feed on tissue fluids and cellular debris. Their presence triggers a localized inflammatory response that can progress to extensive dermatitis, ulceration, and necrosis if untreated.
The primary hazards include:
- Direct tissue damage caused by mite mouthparts and enzymatic secretions, leading to erosion of epidermal integrity.
- Stimulation of a hypersensitivity reaction; repeated exposure sensitizes the host, producing intense pruritus and chronic eczema.
- Disruption of the skin barrier, facilitating colonisation by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, which may result in secondary cellulitis or systemic infection.
- Potential for systemic dissemination in immunocompromised individuals, where mites may migrate to deeper structures, causing myositis, osteomyelitis, or even organ involvement.
Diagnostic confirmation relies on microscopic examination of skin scrapings or biopsy specimens, revealing characteristic mite morphology and associated inflammatory infiltrate. Molecular techniques, such as PCR, improve species identification and guide targeted therapy.
Effective management combines acaricidal agents (e.g., ivermectin, permethrin) with anti‑inflammatory medications to alleviate immune‑mediated symptoms. Adjunctive antibiotics address secondary bacterial complications. Preventive measures focus on hygiene, environmental decontamination, and regular monitoring of at‑risk populations.
Failure to recognise and treat subcutaneous mite infestations promptly can lead to chronic skin disease, secondary infections, and, in vulnerable hosts, systemic morbidity.