Why do lice constantly appear on a child? - briefly
Transmission of «lice» in children occurs through direct head‑to‑head contact and sharing of personal items such as combs, hats, or bedding, which carry viable eggs and nymphs. Recurrence follows incomplete eradication of eggs or re‑exposure to an infested source.
Why do lice constantly appear on a child? - in detail
Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) thrive in environments where close contact is frequent, making children especially vulnerable. The insects lay eggs (nits) on hair shafts near the scalp, where temperature and humidity are optimal for development. A single female can produce up to 10 eggs per day, leading to rapid population growth if untreated.
Transmission occurs primarily through direct head‑to‑head contact, which is common during play, classroom activities, and sports. Indirect spread via shared items—combs, hats, helmets, or bedding—contributes to re‑infestation when these objects are not properly disinfected. Hair characteristics also influence susceptibility; fine, straight hair allows easier egg attachment, while dense or tangled hair can trap lice, providing a favorable habitat.
Re‑infestation after treatment often results from:
- Incomplete eradication of nits, leaving viable eggs that hatch shortly after therapy.
- Contact with untreated individuals in the same household or school.
- Use of ineffective over‑the‑counter products that do not kill resistant lice strains.
- Failure to decontaminate personal items and the immediate environment.
Effective management combines chemical, mechanical, and environmental strategies:
- Apply a pediculicide approved by health authorities, following label instructions precisely.
- Remove nits with a fine‑toothed comb within 24 hours of treatment, repeating every 7–10 days for two cycles.
- Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used in the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat; items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks.
- Vacuum upholstered furniture and car seats to eliminate fallen lice and eggs.
- Educate caregivers and school staff about early detection and prompt treatment to limit spread.
Monitoring continues for at least four weeks after the last treatment session. Absence of live lice and nits during this period indicates successful eradication. Persistent cases may require prescription‑only medications or consultation with a healthcare professional to address possible resistance.