Why do lice appear and how can they be removed? - briefly
Lice infestations occur when head-to-head contact or shared personal items transfer the parasites, which thrive in warm, humid scalp environments. Effective removal combines a pediculicide shampoo or lotion with thorough combing of wet hair, followed by cleaning of bedding and clothing to prevent reinfestation.
Why do lice appear and how can they be removed? - in detail
Lice infestations arise when head‑to‑head contact transfers the tiny, wingless insects from one person’s hair to another’s. Female lice lay eggs (nits) near the scalp, securing them with a cement that resists removal. The eggs hatch in about a week, releasing nymphs that mature to reproductive adults within another week. Warm, humid environments and frequent sharing of personal items such as combs, hats, or headphones increase the likelihood of transmission. Crowded living conditions, schools, and daycare centers provide ample opportunities for the insects to spread.
Effective eradication requires a two‑step approach: chemical treatment and mechanical removal.
- Apply an approved pediculicide (permethrin 1 % or pyrethrin‑based shampoo) according to the product instructions, typically leaving it on the scalp for 10 minutes before rinsing.
- After the initial application, repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to target any newly hatched nymphs that survived the first dose.
Mechanical removal complements chemical measures.
- Comb wet hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb, starting at the scalp and moving toward the ends.
- Divide the hair into sections; comb each section three times, wiping the comb with a tissue after each pass.
- Collect and discard any visible nits; avoid crushing them, as this can release viable eggs.
Additional preventive steps reduce re‑infestation risk.
- Wash all bedding, hats, scarves, and hair accessories in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks, depriving lice of a food source.
- Instruct children to avoid direct head contact and sharing of personal grooming tools.
If chemical products cause irritation or resistance is suspected, alternative options include dimethicone‑based lotions, which suffocate lice without neurotoxic action, or prescription ivermectin. For persistent cases, consult a healthcare professional for possible oral therapy. Continuous monitoring for at least three weeks after treatment ensures that any residual nits are detected and removed promptly.