What will happen if lice are left on the head? - briefly
Unattended head‑lice infestation causes persistent itching, scalp inflammation, and secondary bacterial infection. Continuous presence also enables rapid transmission to others.
What will happen if lice are left on the head? - in detail
Head lice that remain untreated continue feeding on blood, causing persistent pruritus that intensifies after several days. The constant scratching damages the epidermis, creating micro‑abrasions that serve as entry points for bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Resulting infections may present as erythema, pustules, or impetigo, requiring medical intervention.
Extended infestation disrupts the normal scalp environment. Saliva released by the insects contains enzymes that irritate keratinocytes, leading to inflammation, scaling, and occasional crust formation. In severe cases, chronic inflammation can weaken hair follicles, contributing to localized thinning or temporary hair loss.
Transmission risk escalates as lice migrate through direct head‑to‑head contact or shared objects (combs, hats, pillows). A single carrier can seed an entire group within a short period, especially in settings where close contact is frequent (schools, camps). The population of parasites can expand rapidly; a female lays up to 8 eggs per day, reaching several hundred eggs in a few weeks.
Psychological impact, though not physiological, often accompanies prolonged infestation. Stigma and embarrassment may affect social interaction, concentration, and self‑esteem, especially among children. Early detection and prompt eradication reduce these secondary effects.
Effective management requires a systematic approach:
- Apply a pediculicide approved by health authorities, following label instructions precisely.
- Comb wet hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb at intervals of 2–3 days for at least 10 days to remove live insects and hatchlings.
- Wash bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water (≥ 60 °C) or seal them in airtight bags for 2 weeks to kill dormant eggs.
- Re‑inspect the scalp daily for residual nits; any remaining should be removed mechanically.
Failure to implement these steps permits the life cycle to persist, leading to recurring bouts and increased resistance to chemical treatments. Timely intervention halts the progression and minimizes health and social complications.