What will happen if a dog is bitten by an encephalitic tick, what symptoms will appear? - briefly
A bite from a tick infected with encephalitis can transmit the pathogen, causing a neurological illness in the dog. Initial signs are fever, lethargy and reduced appetite, progressing to ataxia, tremors and possible seizures.
What will happen if a dog is bitten by an encephalitic tick, what symptoms will appear? - in detail
A tick infected with tick‑borne encephalitis virus can transmit the pathogen while feeding on a dog. The bite itself may cause a small, erythematous puncture that often disappears within a day.
After an incubation period of 5–21 days, the animal may develop a febrile phase. Common systemic signs include:
- Elevated body temperature (40‑41 °C)
- Lethargy and reduced appetite
- Muscle pain, especially in the neck and limbs
If the virus reaches the central nervous system, neurological symptoms appear. Typical manifestations are:
- Ataxia and loss of coordination
- Tremors or generalized seizures
- Cranial nerve deficits such as facial paralysis or abnormal eye movements
- Hyperesthesia and sensitivity to touch
- Altered mental status ranging from confusion to coma
Laboratory evaluation often reveals lymphocytic pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid, elevated protein levels, and seroconversion detectable by ELISA or immunofluorescence. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on blood or CSF can confirm viral RNA.
Supportive care constitutes the main therapeutic approach. Interventions include:
- Intravenous fluids to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance
- Antipyretics for fever control
- Anticonvulsants (e.g., phenobarbital, diazepam) to manage seizures
- Anti‑inflammatory drugs to reduce cerebral edema
Experimental antiviral agents exist but are not routinely approved for canine use. Early initiation of supportive measures improves survival chances.
Prognosis varies with disease severity. Dogs that experience only mild systemic signs often recover fully within weeks. Severe neurological involvement carries a higher risk of permanent deficits or death.
Prevention relies on regular tick control: topical acaricides, oral preventatives, and routine inspection of the coat after outdoor activity. Vaccination against tick‑borne encephalitis is available in some regions and provides additional protection for high‑risk animals.