What to use to remove lice from the head? - briefly
Apply a pediculicide containing 1 % permethrin or pyrethrin, then remove nits with a fine‑toothed comb. Repeat the process after 7–10 days to eradicate any newly hatched lice.
What to use to remove lice from the head? - in detail
Effective elimination of head lice requires a combination of chemical agents, mechanical tools, and proper hygiene practices.
Over‑the‑counter pediculicides containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide are the most widely used insecticides. Apply the product according to the label, leave it on the scalp for the recommended time (usually 10 minutes), then rinse thoroughly. A second application after 7–10 days targets newly hatched nymphs that survived the first treatment.
Prescription‑strength options include 0.5 % malathion and 0.05 % ivermectin lotion. These formulations are reserved for cases where resistance to standard agents is documented. Follow medical guidance precisely, as systemic absorption can occur.
Mechanical removal involves a fine‑toothed nit comb. Use a metal or plastic comb with teeth spaced 0.2–0.3 mm apart. Comb the hair while it is wet and conditioned to reduce friction. Process each section from scalp to tip, wiping the comb after each pass. Repeat the combing session every 2–3 days for at least two weeks.
Natural substances may serve as adjuncts. Dimethicone‑based lotions coat lice and obstruct their breathing, leading to death within hours. Apply a silicone spray, saturate the hair, cover with a plastic cap for 30 minutes, then rinse and comb. Essential‑oil mixtures (e.g., tea‑tree oil 0.5 %–1 % combined with a carrier) have shown limited efficacy; they should not replace approved treatments.
Environmental control reduces reinfestation. Wash bedding, hats, and clothing in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat for at least 30 minutes. Items that cannot be laundered may be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets and upholstery to remove stray nits.
Safety considerations: avoid use on children under two years with permethrin, and do not apply insecticides to broken skin. Conduct a patch test for allergic reactions before full application.
A comprehensive protocol—initial chemical treatment, followed by diligent combing, and strict laundering—provides the highest success rate in eradicating head lice.