What to use against lice? - briefly
Permethrin 1% cream rinse or dimethicone‑based lotion are first‑line topical agents, while oral ivermectin is used for resistant infestations. Effective control also requires meticulous nit combing and a repeat application after 7–10 days.
What to use against lice? - in detail
Effective eradication of head lice requires a combination of topical agents, mechanical removal, and environmental decontamination.
Over‑the‑counter pediculicides contain pyrethrins or dimethicone. Apply according to package instructions, repeat after 7–10 days to target newly hatched nymphs. Prescription options such as malathion or ivermectin lotion are reserved for resistant infestations; they demand physician oversight and adherence to dosage guidelines.
A fine‑tooth comb, used on wet, conditioned hair, removes live insects and eggs. Comb from scalp to ends in 10‑minute sessions, repeat every 2–3 days for two weeks. Regular washing of hair with standard shampoo does not eliminate lice but can aid combing by reducing slip.
Natural substances—tea‑tree oil (5 % concentration), neem oil, or a 1 % hydrogen peroxide solution—exhibit limited ovicidal activity. Apply to scalp, leave for 30 minutes, then rinse. Evidence supports modest efficacy; they should accompany, not replace, approved insecticides.
Environmental measures include washing bedding, clothing, and hats in hot water (≥ 60 °C) or sealing items in plastic bags for 48 hours. Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to remove detached nits.
Preventive actions: avoid sharing combs, hats, or headphones; inspect new schoolchildren’s hair weekly; maintain short hair during outbreaks.
Implementing chemical treatment, diligent combing, and thorough cleaning simultaneously yields the highest success rate in eliminating lice infestations.