What to do when infested with lice, and what methods are available? - briefly
Upon confirming a lice outbreak, immediately separate the affected individual, wash all clothing and bedding in hot water, and begin thorough combing with a fine‑toothed nit comb. Effective treatments include over‑the‑counter pediculicides such as permethrin or pyrethrin shampoo, prescription options like malathion or ivermectin, and mechanical removal combined with repeated environmental decontamination.
What to do when infested with lice, and what methods are available? - in detail
When a lice infestation is detected, immediate removal of the insects and their eggs is essential. Begin with a thorough inspection of the scalp and hair, using a fine‑toothed lice comb under bright lighting. Separate sections of hair, comb from the scalp outward, and wipe the comb on a white surface after each pass to confirm removal.
The following actions constitute the core treatment protocol:
- Wash all affected hair with a medicated shampoo containing either permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrin. Follow the product instructions regarding application time and repeat the wash after seven days to eliminate any newly hatched nymphs.
- Apply a second‑generation topical agent such as dimethicone, which suffocates lice without neurotoxic effects. Leave the preparation on the scalp for the recommended duration, then rinse thoroughly.
- Use a fine‑toothed nit comb at least twice daily for ten days. Comb in a systematic pattern: start at the roots, move toward the tips, and clean the comb after each stroke.
- Launder clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be washed should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and vehicle seats to remove stray hairs that may contain viable eggs.
Alternative or supplemental measures include:
- Over‑the‑counter products based on malathion (0.5 %) for resistant infestations; use with caution due to potential skin irritation.
- Prescription oral ivermectin, administered in a single dose of 200 µg/kg, reserved for cases unresponsive to topical therapy.
- Natural remedies such as tea‑tree oil or neem oil; evidence of efficacy is limited, and these should not replace approved treatments.
After the treatment cycle, conduct a follow‑up inspection every 48 hours for two weeks. Absence of live lice and viable nits confirms successful eradication. If live insects persist, repeat the medicated shampoo and consult a healthcare professional for alternative prescription options.