What to do if there are lice, and can a shampoo be used? - briefly
Treat the infestation with an approved pediculicide—such as a medicated lice shampoo or lotion—followed by thorough nit combing and a repeat application after 7–10 days; only shampoos specifically formulated for lice are effective, plain hair shampoo will not eradicate them.
What to do if there are lice, and can a shampoo be used? - in detail
If head lice are discovered, immediate action is required to prevent spreading and to eliminate the infestation.
First, confirm the presence of live insects or viable nits within ¼ inch of the scalp. Use a fine-toothed lice comb on damp hair, inspecting each pass under good lighting.
Next, select an appropriate treatment. Over‑the‑counter pediculicides, typically formulated as shampoos, lotions, or sprays, contain pyrethrins, permethrin, or dimethicone. These products are approved for use on the scalp and can kill both lice and newly hatched nymphs when applied according to the label. Follow these steps:
- Wet hair thoroughly; apply the product evenly from root to tip.
- Leave the solution on for the prescribed duration (usually 5–10 minutes).
- Rinse completely with warm water.
- Comb the hair with a nit‑removal comb while still damp to extract dead insects and viable eggs.
- Repeat the application after 7–10 days to target any hatching nits that survived the first treatment.
If a shampoo is preferred, choose one specifically labeled for lice control. General-purpose shampoos lack the active ingredients needed to eradicate the parasites and therefore will not be effective.
In addition to chemical treatment, implement environmental measures:
- Wash all recently worn clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water (≥ 130 °F) and dry on high heat for at least 20 minutes.
- Seal non‑washable items in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks to starve any remaining lice.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats to remove stray hairs that may contain nits.
Monitor the situation daily for the next two weeks. Persistent live lice after the second treatment indicate possible resistance; consult a healthcare professional for prescription‑strength options such as malathion or ivermectin.
Finally, educate all household members about avoiding head‑to‑head contact and not sharing personal items (combs, hats, headphones) to reduce the risk of reinfestation.