What to do if lice appear? - briefly
Inspect the scalp, isolate the infested person, and treat with an FDA‑approved pediculicide while combing out nits using a fine‑toothed nit comb. Wash bedding and clothing in hot water, vacuum the environment, and repeat the treatment after seven days to eradicate any newly hatched lice.
What to do if lice appear? - in detail
If head lice are discovered, begin treatment immediately to prevent spreading.
First, confirm the infestation by examining the scalp and hair with a fine-tooth comb under bright light. Look for live insects, their eggs (nits) attached close to the hair shaft, and any itching or redness.
Next, choose an appropriate method:
- Over‑the‑counter pediculicides: Apply a permethrin‑based lotion or shampoo according to the product instructions, typically leaving it on for 10 minutes before rinsing. Repeat the application after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched nymphs.
- Prescription options: For resistant cases, a physician may prescribe a stronger agent such as malathion, benzyl alcohol, or ivermectin. Follow dosage and repeat‑treatment guidelines precisely.
- Physical removal: Use a metal nit comb on wet, conditioned hair. Start at the scalp and pull the comb straight through to the ends, wiping the teeth after each pass. Perform this process daily for at least two weeks.
After chemical or mechanical treatment, cleanse the environment:
- Wash all recently worn clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water (≥ 130 °F) and tumble‑dry on high heat for at least 20 minutes.
- Seal non‑washable items in a plastic bag for two weeks, the typical lifespan of a louse.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to remove stray insects and eggs.
Prevent re‑infestation by educating all household members about avoiding head‑to‑head contact, not sharing hats, hair accessories, or personal care items, and performing weekly scalp checks for at least a month.
If symptoms persist after two treatment cycles, seek medical advice to rule out resistance or secondary skin infection.