What should be used to treat lice and nits? - briefly
Use an FDA‑approved pediculicide—commonly 1 % permethrin lotion or 0.5 % malathion spray—and follow with a fine‑toothed comb to remove all nits. Repeat treatment after 7–10 days to eliminate any newly hatched lice.
What should be used to treat lice and nits? - in detail
Effective management of head lice and their eggs requires a combination of chemical, mechanical, and environmental strategies.
Topical pediculicides remain the primary option. Proven agents include:
- 1 % permethrin lotion, applied to dry hair for 10 minutes, then rinsed.
- Pyrethrin formulations combined with piperonyl‑butoxide, used similarly to permethrin.
- Malathion 0.5 % lotion, applied for 8–12 hours before washing.
- Spinosad 0.9 % suspension, left on hair for 10 minutes before rinsing.
- Ivermectin 0.5 % lotion, applied for 10 minutes, suitable for resistant cases.
- Benzyl alcohol 5 % lotion, applied for 10 minutes, safe for children over 6 months.
- Dimethicone 4 % cream, a silicone‑based product that suffocates lice and nits without neurotoxic action.
Mechanical removal complements chemical treatment. Fine‑toothed nit combs, used on wet hair after conditioner, eliminate viable eggs and live insects. Re‑comb at least twice, spaced 7–10 days apart, to capture newly hatched lice before they reproduce.
Environmental control reduces reinfestation risk. Recommended actions:
- Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 130 °F) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in sealed plastic bags for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats to remove detached lice and nits.
Safety considerations dictate product selection. Permethrin and pyrethrins are first‑line for most patients; however, resistance patterns may necessitate alternatives such as spinosad or ivermectin. Malathion should be avoided in individuals with known skin sensitivity. Dimethicone offers a non‑neurotoxic option for children under two years and pregnant women.
A typical treatment regimen consists of an initial application of a pediculicide, followed by a second dose 7–10 days later to eradicate hatching nits. Concurrent use of a nit comb after each application confirms eradication. Persistent infestation after two cycles warrants medical evaluation for prescription‑strength agents or oral ivermectin.
In summary, comprehensive control relies on a validated pediculicide, diligent nit removal, and strict hygiene measures to eliminate both adult lice and their eggs.