What should be used to kill lice on a child's head? - briefly
Apply a licensed pediculicide, such as a 1 % permethrin shampoo or lotion, following the product’s timing instructions, then rinse and remove nits with a fine‑toothed lice comb. Repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to eradicate any newly hatched insects.
What should be used to kill lice on a child's head? - in detail
Effective eradication of head‑lice infestations in children relies on a combination of chemical and mechanical approaches, proper application, and environmental control.
A widely recommended first‑line chemical option is a 1 % permethrin lotion or shampoo. Apply to dry hair, massage into scalp, leave for the time specified on the label (usually 10 minutes), then rinse. A second treatment 7–10 days later eliminates newly hatched nymphs. Permethrin is approved for use in children as young as 2 months and has a low toxicity profile when used as directed.
When resistance to permethrin is suspected, alternatives include:
- 0.5 % malathion lotion (use for children ≥6 years; apply to dry hair, leave 8–12 hours, then wash).
- 0.9 % spinosad suspension (approved for children ≥6 months; single application, no repeat needed for most cases).
- 0.5 % ivermectin lotion (for children ≥2 years; apply to dry hair, leave 10 minutes, then rinse).
Non‑chemical methods complement pharmacologic treatment:
- Wet combing: soak hair with lukewarm water and conditioner, use a fine‑toothed nit‑comb to remove lice and nymphs, repeat every 2–3 days for two weeks.
- Dimethicone‑based products: silicone oil suffocates lice; apply generously, leave 10 minutes, then rinse. Suitable for children of all ages.
- Heat devices: calibrated air‑flow or steam units kill lice at temperatures ≥50 °C; follow manufacturer instructions, ensure scalp protection.
Environmental measures reduce re‑infestation:
- Wash bedding, hats, scarves, and clothing used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥60 °C) and tumble dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture; discard vacuum bags promptly.
Resistance monitoring is essential. If lice persist after two complete treatment cycles, consider switching to a different active ingredient or combining chemical and mechanical methods under medical supervision.
Consult a pediatrician before using prescription‑only products, especially for infants, pregnant caregivers, or children with skin disorders.