What should be treated during a lice infestation? - briefly
Eliminate both the active insects and their eggs, and treat any resulting scalp irritation. Use a licensed pediculicide as directed, then comb the hair thoroughly to remove all nits.
What should be treated during a lice infestation? - in detail
During a lice outbreak, the primary focus must be on eliminating the parasites from the host’s scalp and hair. Effective chemical agents, such as permethrin 1 % or pyrethrin‑based lotions, should be applied according to the product instructions, allowing the recommended contact time before rinsing. For resistant infestations, a second‑generation neurotoxin (e.g., malathion 0.5 %) or an oral medication (e.g., ivermectin) may be required under professional supervision.
Mechanical removal complements chemical treatment. A fine‑toothed nit comb, used on wet, conditioned hair, should be run from scalp to tip at least twice per session, with a minimum of three sessions spaced 7–10 days apart. Each comb pass must be followed by cleaning the comb in hot, soapy water to prevent reinfestation.
Environmental decontamination reduces the risk of re‑exposure. Items that contact the head—pillows, hats, scarves, hairbrushes—must be washed in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dried on high heat. Non‑washable objects can be sealed in airtight plastic bags for two weeks. Vacuuming upholstered furniture and car seats removes detached nits and lice; discard vacuum bags immediately after use.
Personal hygiene practices support the eradication process. Encourage regular hair washing with mild shampoo, avoid sharing combs, hats, or headphones, and instruct affected individuals to limit close head‑to‑head contact until treatment completion. Monitor for signs of secondary infection, such as redness or crusting, and seek medical evaluation if they appear.
Follow‑up assessment is essential. After the final treatment round, examine the scalp and hair under a magnifying lens for live insects or viable nits. Absence of live lice after 24 hours confirms successful elimination; lingering nits warrant another combing session. Document the timeline of interventions to guide future prevention strategies.