What should be done when lice appear? - briefly
Immediately apply a permethrin‑ or dimethicone‑based shampoo or lotion, comb out nits with a fine‑toothed lice comb, and launder bedding and clothing in hot water. Repeat the treatment after 7‑10 days to eradicate any newly hatched insects.
What should be done when lice appear? - in detail
Head lice infestations require prompt, systematic action. First, confirm the presence of live insects or viable eggs (nits) attached to hair shafts close to the scalp. Use a fine-toothed comb on wet, conditioned hair, inspecting each section for the characteristic oval nits, which are firmly attached and often found within a half‑inch of the scalp.
Once an infestation is verified, begin treatment without delay. Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide according to the product’s instructions, ensuring thorough coverage from the scalp to the hair tips. Most formulations require a second application seven to ten days later to eliminate newly hatched nits that survived the initial dose.
In parallel with chemical treatment, remove residual nits manually. Follow these steps:
- Wash hair with a regular shampoo, then apply a generous amount of conditioner to loosen the eggs.
- Comb the hair with a nit‑comb, starting at the scalp and moving outward in small sections.
- After each pass, wipe the comb on a white paper towel to verify removal; repeat until no nits are detected.
- Rinse and repeat the combing process daily for at least one week.
Environmental decontamination reduces re‑infestation risk. Wash all worn clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water (minimum 130 °F/54 °C) and dry on high heat for at least 20 minutes. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks, the typical survival period for lice off a host. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to remove stray insects.
If over‑the‑counter products are ineffective or cause adverse reactions, consult a healthcare professional for prescription‑strength options such as benzyl alcohol lotion, ivermectin, or malathion. In cases of allergy or resistance, a physician may recommend an oral medication or a combination therapy.
Monitor the situation closely. Examine hair and scalp every two to three days for three weeks after treatment. If live lice persist after two complete treatment cycles, repeat the regimen or seek medical advice to adjust the therapeutic approach. Maintaining regular checks for several weeks ensures complete eradication and prevents resurgence.