What should be done if lice treatments are ineffective? - briefly
«When over‑the‑counter pediculicides fail to clear an infestation, switch to a prescription‑strength product, repeat the treatment after 7–10 days, and wash all bedding and clothing in hot water.» «If the lice persist, seek medical evaluation for possible resistance and receive targeted therapeutic guidance.»
What should be done if lice treatments are ineffective? - in detail
When a pediculicide does not eliminate head lice, the first step is to verify that the product was applied correctly. Follow the label instructions precisely: apply the solution to dry hair, leave it for the recommended duration, and rinse thoroughly. If the instructions were followed and live insects remain, consider the following actions.
- Re‑examine the infestation level. Use a fine‑toothed lice comb on wet, conditioned hair to detect live nits and adult lice. Remove each visible nymph and egg manually; this reduces the population regardless of chemical efficacy.
- Assess potential resistance. Over‑use of the same class of insecticide can lead to resistant strains. Switching to a product with a different active ingredient—such as a dimethicone‑based lotion, a benzyl alcohol preparation, or a prescription‑only ivermectin formulation—may overcome resistance.
- Implement a repeat‑treatment schedule. Most products require a second application 7–10 days after the first, timed to target newly hatched lice that survived the initial exposure.
- Treat the environment. Wash bedding, hats, scarves, and hair accessories in hot water (≥ 55 °C) or seal them in a plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to remove stray insects.
- Seek professional assistance. A licensed dermatologist or pediatrician can prescribe stronger topical agents, oral medications, or recommend a supervised combing session. In cases of persistent infestation, laboratory testing may confirm resistance patterns.
- Educate all contacts. Inform family members, classmates, and caregivers about the need for simultaneous treatment and thorough combing to prevent re‑infestation.
By confirming proper use, employing alternative formulations, repeating the regimen, addressing the surrounding environment, and involving medical professionals when necessary, the likelihood of eliminating the infestation increases substantially.