What should be done for head lice? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide shampoo or lotion, leave it on for the recommended duration, rinse, and remove nits with a fine‑toothed comb; wash bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water and repeat the treatment after 7–10 days. Inspect close contacts and treat any infestations simultaneously to prevent re‑infestation.
What should be done for head lice? - in detail
Head lice infestations require prompt, systematic action to eliminate parasites and prevent re‑infestation. The process can be divided into detection, treatment, environmental control, and follow‑up.
Detection begins with a thorough examination of the scalp and hair. Use a fine‑toothed comb on damp hair, sectioning strands from the crown to the nape. Look for live nits firmly attached to the shaft within ¼ inch of the scalp, as well as adult lice. A positive finding warrants immediate intervention.
Treatment options include chemical and non‑chemical methods. Chemical pediculicides, such as permethrin 1 % or pyrethrin‑based products, must be applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions, ensuring complete coverage from scalp to hair tips. Leave the solution on for the recommended duration, then rinse thoroughly. For resistant cases, a second‑generation agent containing dimethicone or a prescription‑only ivermectin lotion may be prescribed. Non‑chemical approaches involve wet combing with a fine‑toothed metal comb, performed every 2–3 days for at least two weeks; this method removes live insects and nits without relying on insecticides.
Environmental control reduces the risk of recurrence. Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 130 °F) and tumble‑dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered may be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to capture stray nits. Avoid sharing personal items such as combs, hats, or headphones.
Follow‑up assessment confirms eradication. Re‑examine the scalp 7–10 days after treatment; if live lice are still present, repeat the therapeutic regimen. A second inspection at 14 days ensures that any remaining nits have hatched and been removed. Documenting each step provides a clear record and facilitates communication with caregivers or health professionals if needed.