What should be done at home if a child has lice? - briefly
Use a 1 % permethrin shampoo or lotion, follow the label directions, and comb out nits with a fine-toothed nit comb; then wash bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water and vacuum the living area thoroughly.
What should be done at home if a child has lice? - in detail
A thorough visual inspection confirms the presence of parasites. Use a fine‑toothed comb on damp hair, starting at the scalp and moving outward. Examine the comb after each pass; live insects appear brown, while oval, yellowish nits are attached within ¼ inch of the scalp.
The first line of treatment involves an over‑the‑counter pediculicide applied to dry hair, left for the period specified on the label, then rinsed thoroughly. A second application is required after 7–10 days to eradicate newly hatched lice that survived the initial dose.
Mechanical removal supports chemical treatment. Comb the hair every 2–3 days with a nit‑comb, wiping the comb on a white surface to verify removal. Continue this regimen for at least two weeks, even if no live lice are seen.
Environmental decontamination reduces the risk of re‑infestation. Wash all bedding, clothing, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in water ≥ 60 °C, then tumble‑dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats; discard the vacuum bag afterward.
Preventive measures limit future transmission. Prohibit head‑to‑head contact during play, avoid sharing combs, hats, or hair accessories, and inform close contacts—classmates, relatives, and caregivers—so they can inspect their own children.
Monitoring continues for 14 days after treatment. Perform daily inspections, focusing on the occipital region and behind the ears. If live lice reappear, repeat the chemical treatment and reinforce combing and environmental cleaning.