What is used to poison a human flea? - briefly
A 1 % permethrin cream or lotion applied to the skin kills the human flea. Alternative agents include pyrethrin‑based sprays and organophosphate preparations such as malathion.
What is used to poison a human flea? - in detail
The human flea (Pulex irritans) is eliminated primarily with insecticidal compounds that act on the nervous system of the arthropod. Effective agents fall into three categories: synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates, and systemic antiparasitics.
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Synthetic pyrethroids (e.g., permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin).
Mechanism: Disrupt voltage‑gated sodium channels, causing paralysis.
Application: Topical sprays or lotions applied to skin, clothing, or bedding.
Safety: Low mammalian toxicity at recommended concentrations; avoid use on infants without medical guidance. -
Organophosphates (e.g., malathion, dichlorvos).
Mechanism: Inhibit acetylcholinesterase, leading to accumulation of acetylcholine and uncontrolled nerve firing.
Application: Fogging or residual sprays in infested environments.
Safety: Higher toxicity risk; require protective equipment and strict ventilation. -
Systemic antiparasitics (e.g., ivermectin).
Mechanism: Binds glutamate‑gated chloride channels, increasing membrane permeability and causing paralysis.
Application: Oral dose administered to the host; fleas ingest the drug during blood meals.
Safety: Generally well‑tolerated; contraindicated in certain populations (pregnant women, children under 15 kg).
Environmental control complements chemical treatment. Thorough laundering of linens at ≥60 °C, vacuuming of carpets, and disposal of infested clothing reduce reinfestation. Residual insecticide powders (e.g., silica aerogel, diatomaceous earth) can be spread on floor surfaces; they abrade the exoskeleton, leading to desiccation.
Dosage guidelines vary by product. For permethrin lotion, a 5 % concentration applied to skin and left for 8–12 hours before washing is standard. Malathion fogging typically uses 0.5 % solution, with exposure limited to 30 minutes. Ivermectin oral dosing for ectoparasites is 200 µg/kg, repeated after 7 days if necessary.
Selection of an agent should consider the infestation severity, host health status, and local regulatory restrictions. Combining topical pyrethroids with systemic ivermectin often yields rapid eradication while minimizing environmental residues.