What is the tick that affects dogs called? - briefly
The primary tick that infests dogs is the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus).
What is the tick that affects dogs called? - in detail
The tick most frequently associated with canine infestations is the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Other species that commonly bite dogs include the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) and the fox tick (Ixodes canis).
Adult brown dog ticks measure 2–5 mm when unfed and expand to 8–12 mm after a blood meal. Their bodies are reddish‑brown, with a flattened, oval shape. Larvae and nymphs are much smaller, translucent, and lack the distinct coloration of adults, which can complicate early detection.
The life cycle proceeds through egg, larva, nymph, and adult stages. Eggs hatch in 1–2 weeks under warm, humid conditions. Larvae seek a host within days, feed for 3–5 days, then drop off to molt into nymphs. Nymphs feed for 3–5 days before molting into adults. Adult females require a second blood meal to engorge, then lay thousands of eggs before dying. The entire cycle can be completed in 2–3 months when temperature stays above 20 °C and relative humidity exceeds 70 %.
Pathogens transmitted by these ticks include:
- Ehrlichia canis (canine ehrlichiosis) – causes fever, weight loss, and thrombocytopenia.
- Babesia canis (babesiosis) – leads to hemolytic anemia and jaundice.
- Hepatozoon canis – results in fever, muscle wasting, and ocular lesions.
- Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) – produces fever, rash, and vasculitis.
Geographically, the brown dog tick thrives in temperate and tropical regions worldwide, especially in indoor environments where it can complete its life cycle without leaving the premises. The American dog tick is prevalent in North America, favoring wooded and grassy habitats.
Preventive strategies focus on environmental management and host protection. Regular cleaning of kennels, removal of debris, and treatment of indoor spaces with acaricides reduce habitat suitability. Monthly topical or oral acaricide applications, permethrin‑treated collars, and routine tick checks after outdoor activity interrupt attachment.
When infestation occurs, immediate removal with fine‑tipped tweezers, pulling straight upward to avoid mouthpart breakage, is essential. Following removal, administer approved acaricidal products—spot‑on formulations, oral isoxazolines, or tick‑preventive collars—to eliminate residual ticks and prevent reinfestation. Veterinary consultation is advised for diagnosis and treatment of tick‑borne diseases.