What is the solution for lice called? - briefly
The chemical used to eradicate head lice is called a pediculicide, often referred to as a lice treatment. It may be applied as a shampoo, lotion, or spray to eliminate the insects.
What is the solution for lice called? - in detail
The chemical agent used to eradicate head‑lice infestations is commonly referred to as a pediculicide. Pediculicides are formulated as shampoos, lotions, sprays, or creams that contain insecticidal compounds designed to kill both adult lice and their eggs (nits).
Typical active ingredients include:
- Permethrin 1 % – synthetic pyrethroid, widely available over the counter; works by disrupting nerve function in the parasite.
- Pyrethrin 0.5 % combined with piperonyl‑butoxide – natural extract enhanced with a synergist to increase potency.
- Malathion 0.5 % – organophosphate, prescription‑only in many regions; effective against permethrin‑resistant strains.
- Spinosad 0.9 % – derived from bacterial fermentation; approved for single‑application use.
- Benzyl alcohol 5 % – non‑neurotoxic, kills lice by asphyxiation; requires repeat treatment after 7 days.
- Ivermectin 0.5 % – macrocyclic lactone, available as a lotion; acts on nerve and muscle cells of the parasite.
Application guidelines are consistent across products:
- Apply the product to dry hair, saturating the scalp and shafts.
- Leave the preparation on for the time specified on the label (usually 10 minutes).
- Rinse thoroughly with water.
- Comb wet hair with a fine‑toothed nit‑comb to remove dead insects and eggs.
- Repeat the entire process after 7–10 days to eliminate any hatched nits.
Non‑chemical alternatives include:
- Dimethicone‑based lotions – silicone oil that coats lice, causing immobilization and death without insecticidal action.
- Heat treatment devices – calibrated blow‑dryers that raise hair temperature to 50 °C for several minutes, sufficient to kill lice and nits.
Safety considerations:
- Do not use pediculicides on infants younger than 2 months unless directed by a physician.
- Avoid application to broken skin or mucous membranes.
- Follow strict contact‑time instructions; under‑exposure reduces efficacy and promotes resistance.
Resistance trends:
- Populations resistant to permethrin and pyrethrin have been documented in North America and Europe.
- Switching to a different class of active ingredient (e.g., malathion or spinosad) is recommended when treatment failure occurs.
Effective eradication combines chemical or physical treatment with diligent nit‑comb removal and environmental decontamination (washing bedding, hats, and personal items at ≥ 60 °C).