What is the proper medical term for lice? - briefly
The clinical term for a lice infestation is pediculosis. The insects themselves belong to the genus Pediculus.
What is the proper medical term for lice? - in detail
The clinical designation for an infestation of lice is pediculosis. This term applies to any condition in which lice, members of the order Phthiraptera, colonize the human body. The specific species involved determine the precise nomenclature used by health professionals.
Lice that affect the scalp are identified as Pediculus capitis. The adult insect measures about 2–4 mm, has a flattened body adapted for grasping hair shafts, and requires blood meals several times daily. Control measures focus on topical insecticides and manual removal of nits.
Body lice, which inhabit clothing seams and move to the skin to feed, are classified as Pediculus humanus corporis. They are morphologically similar to head lice but differ in habitat and epidemiology. Pediculosis corporis is often associated with poor hygiene and crowded living conditions; treatment includes laundering infested garments at high temperature and, when necessary, systemic antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections.
Pubic lice, commonly called “crabs,” are Phthirus pubis. These insects are smaller (about 1.5–2 mm), have a crab‑like appearance, and prefer coarse body hair. Transmission occurs primarily through sexual contact. Management involves topical pediculicidal agents and washing of personal items.
Key points for medical documentation:
- Term for infestation: pediculosis (e.g., pediculosis capitis, pediculosis corporis, pediculosis pubis).
- Taxonomic identifiers: Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Phthirus pubis.
- Diagnostic criteria: visual identification of live lice or viable nits attached to hair shafts or clothing.
- Treatment strategies: topical pediculicides, nit removal, environmental decontamination, hygiene improvement.
Understanding these distinctions ensures accurate diagnosis, appropriate therapy, and effective public‑health reporting.