What is the disease caused by fleas in dogs called? - briefly
The condition is called «flea allergy dermatitis», a hypersensitivity reaction to flea saliva that causes intense itching and skin lesions. It is the most common flea‑related disease in dogs.
What is the disease caused by fleas in dogs called? - in detail
Flea‑borne disease in canines is commonly known as «flea allergy dermatitis» (FAD). It results from an allergic reaction to proteins present in flea saliva. The condition manifests as intense pruritus, erythema, papules, and alopecia, typically concentrated on the ventral abdomen, tail base, and hind limbs.
Pathophysiology
- Sensitization occurs after one or more flea bites; IgE antibodies target salivary antigens.
- Subsequent bites trigger mast‑cell degranulation, releasing histamine and other mediators.
- Inflammation leads to skin barrier disruption, secondary bacterial infection, and chronic dermatitis.
Clinical signs
- Persistent scratching or biting of affected areas.
- Red, inflamed patches with crusting or scabbing.
- Hair loss and thickened skin in chronic cases.
- Possible secondary pyoderma, producing pustules or foul odor.
Diagnosis
- Thorough physical examination to identify flea infestation.
- Flea combing and environmental assessment.
- Intradermal skin testing or serum IgE measurement for flea saliva antigens.
- Exclusion of other pruritic disorders (e.g., mange, food allergy) through differential testing.
Treatment protocol
- Immediate flea control: topical or oral adulticides, followed by insect growth regulators to prevent egg and larval development.
- Anti‑inflammatory therapy: corticosteroids or oclacitinib to reduce itching and inflammation.
- Antihistamines may provide adjunctive relief.
- Management of secondary infections with appropriate antibiotics or antiseptics.
- Long‑term prevention: regular use of flea preventatives, environmental cleaning, and monitoring of outdoor exposure.
Prognosis
- Prompt eradication of fleas and appropriate anti‑inflammatory therapy typically result in rapid symptom resolution.
- Chronic cases may require extended treatment and ongoing prevention to avoid relapse.
Owner education focuses on maintaining a flea‑free environment, consistent use of preventive products, and monitoring for early signs of recurrence.