What is dangerous about lice? - briefly
Head lice can lead to secondary bacterial skin infections from scratching and may transmit pathogens such as Rickettsia prowazekii, Borrelia recurrentis, and Bartonella quintana. Severe infestations can cause anemia, irritability, and reduced concentration.
What is dangerous about lice? - in detail
Lice infestations present several health risks that extend beyond mere discomfort. Adult lice and their nymphs feed on blood, causing prolonged skin irritation. Repeated bites can lead to excoriation, which creates openings for bacterial invasion. Common secondary infections include impetigo, cellulitis and, in severe cases, erysipelas.
The primary vector function of lice involves transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. Body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis) are known carriers of Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus, and Bartonella quintana, responsible for trench fever. Outbreaks among individuals in crowded or unsanitary conditions often trace back to unchecked lice populations.
Allergic responses may develop after continuous exposure to lice saliva. Symptoms range from localized urticaria to systemic hypersensitivity, manifesting as generalized itching, swelling and, rarely, anaphylaxis.
Psychological consequences arise from social stigma attached to infestations. Persistent concern about appearance and hygiene can exacerbate anxiety and depression, particularly in children and adolescents.
Key hazards associated with lice:
- Skin damage and secondary bacterial infections
- Vector‑borne diseases (epidemic typhus, trench fever, etc.)
- Allergic reactions to saliva
- Mental health impact due to social stigma
Effective control measures include thorough cleaning of personal items, regular inspection of hair and clothing, and appropriate use of pediculicidal agents. Prompt treatment reduces the likelihood of complications and curtails the spread within communities.