What is a scabies mite in dogs? - briefly
«Sarcoptes scabiei» is the microscopic ectoparasite that burrows into canine skin, causing intense itching and a characteristic crusted dermatitis. Diagnosis relies on skin scrapings examined microscopically, and treatment requires topical or systemic acaricides to eradicate the infestation.
What is a scabies mite in dogs? - in detail
The canine scabies mite, scientifically known as «Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis», is a microscopic, burrowing ectoparasite that inhabits the superficial layers of the skin. Adult females dig tunnels approximately 0.2–0.4 mm deep, depositing eggs that hatch within 3–4 days. Larvae emerge, feed on skin debris, and mature into adult mites after about 10 days, completing the life cycle in roughly 2–3 weeks under optimal temperature and humidity.
Clinical manifestations arise from mechanical irritation and allergic reactions to mite proteins. Primary signs include intense pruritus, erythema, and papular or crusted lesions, often beginning on the ears, elbows, and abdomen. In severe infestations, hyperkeratosis leads to thickened, fissured skin and secondary bacterial infections. Young or immunocompromised dogs may develop a generalized, crusted form characterized by extensive scaling and high mite loads.
Diagnosis relies on direct observation of mites, eggs, or fecal pellets (scybala) obtained by skin scrapings, acetate tape impressions, or dermoscopy. Microscopic examination confirms identification by characteristic morphology: round body, short legs, and a ventral genital opening in females. Serological tests are generally unavailable; diagnosis therefore depends on parasitological methods and clinical correlation.
Effective treatment options include:
- Topical acaricides (e.g., selamectin, moxidectin) applied according to label intervals.
- Oral systemic agents (e.g., ivermectin, milbemycin oxime) administered at recommended doses.
- Environmental decontamination: washing bedding in hot water, vacuuming carpets, and applying residual sprays to the environment when crusted scabies is present.
Prevention strategies involve regular use of monthly ectoparasite preventatives, avoiding contact with infested animals, and promptly isolating and treating affected dogs to limit spread. The mite can occasionally transmit to humans, causing transient pruritic lesions; appropriate hygiene and treatment of the animal reduce zoonotic risk.
Monitoring after therapy includes repeat skin scrapings at 2‑week intervals to confirm eradication. Persistent lesions may indicate secondary infection requiring antimicrobial therapy. Comprehensive management combines accurate diagnosis, appropriate pharmacologic intervention, and environmental control to achieve resolution.