What illnesses can be contracted from bed bugs? - briefly
Bed bugs are not proven vectors of infectious diseases, but their bites can trigger allergic skin reactions, intense itching, and, if scratched, secondary bacterial infections such as cellulitis.
What illnesses can be contracted from bed bugs? - in detail
Bed‑bug bites can lead to several medical problems, most of which stem from the body’s reaction to the saliva or from secondary bacterial invasion of the wound.
- Dermatitis and hypersensitivity – local redness, swelling, and itching are common. Repeated exposure may produce a more intense allergic response, occasionally resulting in widespread urticaria.
- Secondary bacterial infection – scratching compromised skin can introduce bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Infected lesions may develop into cellulitis, impetigo, or abscesses that require antibiotics.
- Anaphylaxis – rare but documented cases of systemic allergic shock have occurred after multiple bites, necessitating immediate emergency treatment.
- Psychological distress – persistent infestation often causes insomnia, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, which can exacerbate physical health problems.
- Potential pathogen carriage – studies have detected viral and bacterial agents (e.g., hepatitis B virus, HIV, Bartonella spp.) on the exterior of bed‑bugs. No conclusive evidence shows these insects transmit such pathogens to humans, but the possibility warrants caution, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
Management focuses on prompt wound care, antihistamines for itching, topical or systemic antibiotics for infected lesions, and, when necessary, epinephrine for severe allergic reactions. Addressing the infestation itself—through professional extermination and environmental sanitation—remains essential to prevent further health complications.