What happens if you have lice and what should you do about it? - briefly
Lice produce scalp itching and visible eggs attached to hair strands. Effective treatment involves applying a licensed topical insecticide, combing out nits, and laundering bedding and clothing at high temperature.
What happens if you have lice and what should you do about it? - in detail
Lice infestation begins when adult female insects attach to hair shafts near the scalp and deposit eggs (nits). Eggs hatch in about a week, releasing nymphs that mature into adults within another week. The population can double every few days, leading to a noticeable increase in insects on the head. Common signs include frequent itching caused by the bite of the insect, visible live lice or translucent nits attached to hair strands, and occasional red or irritated spots on the scalp.
The presence of lice does not typically cause serious medical problems, but intense scratching may produce secondary bacterial infections. The insects feed on blood, which can result in minor localized anemia if the infestation is severe and prolonged, though this is rare. Psychological discomfort and social stigma often accompany the condition, prompting prompt treatment.
Effective management follows a systematic approach:
- Confirm the infestation by examining the scalp with a fine-toothed comb under bright light; look for live insects and nits within 1 mm of the scalp.
- Apply a topical pediculicide approved for use on the scalp, following the label instructions for dosage, application time, and safety precautions. Repeat treatment after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched nits.
- Use a fine-toothed comb to remove dead insects and nits after each treatment session; comb daily for at least a week.
- Wash clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water (≥ 60 °C) or place them in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks to kill any surviving lice.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and vehicle seats to reduce the risk of re‑infestation from environmental sources.
- Advise close contacts—family members, classmates, or coworkers—to inspect their hair and, if necessary, undergo preventive treatment.
Prevention relies on minimizing head‑to‑head contact, avoiding the sharing of hats, hairbrushes, or headphones, and conducting regular scalp checks, especially in environments where lice are common. Early detection and prompt, thorough treatment reduce the duration of the infestation and limit transmission.