What else can be found in hair besides lice? - briefly
Hair can contain dandruff, fungal spores, bacterial colonies, skin cells, and residues from hair‑care products. Microscopic or laboratory analysis reveals these additional components.
What else can be found in hair besides lice? - in detail
Hair serves as a reservoir for a wide range of biological and non‑biological material. Apart from common ectoparasites, the shaft and scalp host microorganisms, cellular debris, environmental particles, and cosmetic residues.
Microorganisms frequently identified on hair include:
- Bacterial colonies such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium spp.
- Fungal elements, notably dermatophytes causing tinea capitis and Malassezia yeasts associated with dandruff.
- Mites of the genus «Demodex folliculorum», microscopic arachnids inhabiting hair follicles.
- Viral particles, for example, human papillomavirus DNA detectable in scalp swabs.
Non‑living components commonly present:
- Flakes of keratinized epidermis, commonly referred to as dandruff or scalp scales.
- Sebum droplets produced by sebaceous glands, contributing to the oily film on hair.
- Detached dead skin cells, providing a substrate for microbial growth.
- Environmental contaminants: dust, pollen, textile fibers, and particulate matter from air pollution.
Cosmetic and chemical residues accumulate on hair:
- Silicones, polymers, and conditioning agents from shampoos and conditioners.
- Hair dyes, oxidative bleaching agents, and permanent waving chemicals.
- Residual spray agents, fragrances, and preservatives from styling products.
Detection of these substances informs clinical assessment. Microscopic examination reveals bacterial or fungal overgrowth, while chemical analysis identifies contaminant load. Recognizing the full spectrum of material in hair supports accurate diagnosis of scalp disorders, guides therapeutic choices, and assists in forensic investigations.