What does dieldrin do to fleas? - briefly
Dieldrin is a powerful organochlorine insecticide that interferes with flea nervous function, causing rapid paralysis and death. Its high toxicity and persistence have led to widespread bans despite its effectiveness against these parasites.
What does dieldrin do to fleas? - in detail
Dieldrin is a chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide that interferes with the nervous system of fleas. It binds to the γ‑aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor chloride channel, preventing the influx of chloride ions when the receptor is activated. This blockage results in prolonged neuronal excitation, leading to convulsions, paralysis, and rapid death of the parasite.
The chemical’s lipophilicity allows it to penetrate the exoskeleton and accumulate in the flea’s body fat. Once inside, dieldrin remains active for several days, providing sustained toxicity that can affect multiple life stages, including larvae and adult insects. Because the compound is not readily metabolized by the flea’s enzymatic systems, exposure at sublethal concentrations can still cause irreversible damage to the central nervous system.
Efficacy depends on dosage and formulation. In topical preparations, concentrations of 0.1–0.5 % are typical; these levels achieve knock‑down within minutes and complete mortality within an hour. In environmental applications, such as dusting of animal bedding, the residual activity can persist for weeks, reducing re‑infestation risk.
Resistance has been documented in populations exposed to repeated dieldrin treatments. Genetic mutations in the GABA receptor reduce binding affinity, diminishing the insecticide’s potency. Monitoring for resistance markers and rotating with alternative classes (e.g., pyrethroids or neonicotinoids) are recommended to maintain control effectiveness.
Safety considerations for non‑target organisms are significant. Dieldrin is highly persistent in soil and can bioaccumulate in the food chain, posing hazards to mammals, birds, and aquatic life. Regulatory agencies have restricted or banned its use in many regions due to these environmental and health concerns. Proper protective equipment, strict adherence to application rates, and disposal protocols are essential when handling the chemical.