What do lice lead to? - briefly
Lice infestations cause intense itching and skin irritation, which can lead to secondary bacterial infections and, in severe cases, anemia. They may also transmit pathogens such as Rickettsia prowazekii, resulting in diseases like epidemic typhus.
What do lice lead to? - in detail
Lice infestations can cause a range of physical and psychosocial effects. The primary symptom is intense pruritus caused by the bite of the parasite. Repeated scratching often leads to excoriations, which create entry points for pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Secondary bacterial infections may develop, manifesting as impetigo, cellulitis, or erysipelas.
The loss of blood from frequent feeding can produce mild anemia, especially in children with heavy infestations. In severe cases, iron deficiency may aggravate fatigue and reduce cognitive performance. Allergic reactions to lice saliva or excrement may result in dermatitis, characterized by erythema, swelling, and vesicle formation.
Psychological consequences include embarrassment, social isolation, and reduced self‑esteem. Stigmatization frequently leads to absenteeism from school or work, disrupting education and productivity. Families may experience financial strain due to repeated treatment purchases and medical consultations.
Complications associated with lice infestations:
- Skin excoriations and secondary bacterial infection
- Impetigo, cellulitis, or erysipelas
- Mild to moderate anemia from chronic blood loss
- Allergic contact dermatitis
- Psychological distress and social stigma
- Increased school or workplace absenteeism
Effective management requires prompt removal of the parasites, thorough cleaning of personal items, and, when necessary, the use of pediculicidal agents. Resistance to common insecticides has been documented; therefore, treatment protocols should be guided by current susceptibility data. Follow‑up examinations confirm eradication and prevent reinfestation.