What could be present in the head besides lice? - briefly
Scalp may contain nits, fungal infections such as tinea capitis, dermatitis, or seborrheic buildup. These conditions typically demand targeted treatment distinct from lice removal.
What could be present in the head besides lice? - in detail
The scalp may host a variety of organisms, conditions, and foreign materials distinct from pediculosis.
Common ectoparasites include Demodex mites, which inhabit hair follicles and sebaceous glands, and Sarcoptes scabiei (Scabies) that can affect the scalp, especially in children. Ticks, fleas, and bed‑bugs occasionally colonize hair, leaving bite marks and irritation.
Fungal agents are frequent culprits. Tinea capitis (dermatophyte infection) produces scaling, alopecia, and inflamed patches. Malassezia species cause seborrheic dermatitis, characterized by oily, yellowish flakes that differ from typical dandruff.
Bacterial processes generate localized inflammation. Folliculitis (infection of hair follicles) presents as pustules or papules. Impetigo may spread across the scalp, forming honey‑colored crusts.
Dermatological disorders present without parasites. Psoriasis produces silvery plaques with silvery‑white scales. Atopic or contact dermatitis leads to erythema, itching, and occasional vesiculation. Sebaceous cysts, epidermoid cysts, and benign nevi appear as nodular lesions. Malignant melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma may manifest as pigmented or ulcerated patches.
Non‑pathogenic entities also appear. Hair‑shaft abnormalities such as trichorrhexis nodosa, monilethrix, or pili torti cause structural weakness and breakage. Alopecia areata results in sudden, well‑circumscribed hair loss. Trichotillomania produces irregular patches of missing hair due to compulsive pulling.
Environmental residues accumulate on the scalp. Hair‑care products, styling gels, and textile fibers can create a coating that mimics scaling or causes mechanical irritation.
In summary, the head may harbor mites, scabies, fungal infections, bacterial lesions, dermatological diseases, cysts, tumors, hair‑shaft disorders, alopecias, and foreign residues—all requiring distinct diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.