What can be used to wash the head to remove lice? - briefly
A medicated lice shampoo containing permethrin, pyrethrin, or dimethicone is the standard treatment, while diluted tea‑tree oil or neem‑oil rinses serve as effective natural alternatives.
What can be used to wash the head to remove lice? - in detail
Effective scalp cleansing for lice eradication relies on agents that kill the insects and facilitate their removal. Approved pharmacological shampoos contain insecticides such as permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrins combined with piperonyl butoxide. These products are applied to wet hair, left for the recommended duration (usually 10 minutes), then rinsed thoroughly. A second application after 7–10 days eliminates newly hatched nymphs.
Over‑the‑counter treatments include dimethicone‑based lotions and shampoos. Dimethicone coats lice, obstructing respiration and causing death without neurotoxic effects. Application follows the same protocol as medicated shampoos, with an optional repeat after one week.
Non‑chemical alternatives comprise:
- Hot water rinse (minimum 130 °F/54 °C) for at least 5 minutes; heat desiccates lice and eggs.
- Vinegar or diluted apple‑cider vinegar solution (1 : 1 with water) applied to the scalp for 15 minutes; acidity loosens the cement that attaches nymphs to hair shafts.
- Essential‑oil blends (e.g., tea‑tree, neem, lavender) diluted to ≤2 % in carrier oil; limited evidence suggests ovicidal activity.
Mechanical removal remains essential. After any chemical or physical treatment, use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet, conditioned hair. Systematically comb from scalp outward, rinsing the comb after each pass. Repeat combing for 2–3 days to capture residual nymphs and eggs.
Adjunctive measures that support treatment efficacy include:
- Washing bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water (≥130 °F) and drying on high heat.
- Vacuuming upholstered furniture and carpets to remove stray insects.
- Isolating the affected individual’s personal items (combs, hats) until treatment completion.
Combining a proven insecticidal shampoo with diligent combing and environmental decontamination provides the highest probability of complete lice elimination.