What can be used to get lice out of the head? - briefly
A fine-toothed nit comb, employed after a pediculicide shampoo or conditioner, removes lice and nits efficiently. Alternatives include dimethicone‑based lotions or prescription agents such as permethrin.
What can be used to get lice out of the head? - in detail
Effective removal of head‑lice requires a combination of chemical, mechanical, and environmental measures.
A chemical approach relies on approved pediculicides. Over‑the‑counter products contain either permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrins combined with piperonyl‑butoxide. Application follows the label: dampen hair, apply the lotion, leave for the recommended time, then rinse. For resistant infestations, prescription options such as malathion (0.5 %), benzyl alcohol lotion (5 %), ivermectin lotion (0.5 %), or spinosad (0.9 %) are indicated. Each requires careful adherence to dosage and repeat treatment after 7–10 days to target newly hatched nymphs.
Mechanical removal complements chemical treatment. A fine‑toothed lice comb, typically with 0.2‑mm spacing, is used on wet, conditioned hair. The procedure:
- Section hair into manageable strands.
- Comb from scalp outward to the tip, wiping the comb on a white tissue after each pass.
- Repeat every 2–3 days for at least two weeks.
The comb alone can eliminate infestations when performed diligently, especially in mild cases or when chemical agents are contraindicated.
Non‑chemical alternatives include:
- Dimethicone‑based lotions: silicone oil suffocates lice without neurotoxic action.
- Hot air devices: devices that blow air at 120–130 °C for a few seconds per strand have demonstrated efficacy.
- Essential‑oil mixtures: formulations containing tea‑tree, lavender, or neem oil exhibit limited activity; they should be used with a carrier and not as sole treatment.
Environmental control reduces re‑infestation risk. Key steps:
- Wash clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in sealed plastic bags for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to remove stray nits.
Regular inspection of the scalp, particularly behind the ears and at the nape, confirms treatment success. Absence of live lice and viable nits after three consecutive examinations indicates resolution.