What can be used to eliminate lice in children and adults? - briefly
Effective treatments include over‑the‑counter pediculicides such as 1 % permethrin shampoo or lotion, and prescription options like 0.5 % ivermectin or benzyl‑alcohol formulations. Adjunct measures involve thorough nit‑combing and laundering bedding and clothing in hot water.
What can be used to eliminate lice in children and adults? - in detail
Effective lice eradication requires a combination of topical agents, physical removal, and environmental measures.
Topical insecticides are the primary option. Over‑the‑counter products contain permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide. Apply to dry hair, leave for the recommended time, then rinse. Resistance to permethrin is common; in such cases, a prescription lotion with 0.5 % ivermectin or a 0.1 % spinosad solution can be used. Both agents are approved for children older than 6 months and for adults, with a single application followed by a repeat after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched nits.
Non‑chemical alternatives include silicone‑based lotions and dimethicone. These products coat the exoskeleton, suffocating the insects. Apply generously, cover with a shower cap for at least 8 hours, then comb out dead lice and nits.
Mechanical removal relies on a fine‑toothed nit comb. Use on wet, conditioned hair, comb from scalp to tip in small sections. Repeat every 2–3 days for two weeks.
Environmental control complements personal treatment. Wash bedding, clothing, and towels used within the previous 48 hours at 60 °C or seal in plastic bags for two weeks. Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to remove stray eggs.
A typical treatment protocol:
- Day 0: Apply permethrin 1 % or ivermectin 0.5 % lotion.
- Day 1–2: Comb hair with nit comb, discard nits.
- Day 7–10: Repeat application to kill emerging lice.
- Day 7–14: Continue combing every 2 days.
- Throughout: Launder or seal all personal items, vacuum living areas.
When symptoms persist after two treatment cycles, consult a healthcare professional for alternative prescription options such as malathion 0.5 % or benzyl alcohol 5 % lotion.