What are the signs that a dog has fleas? - briefly
Look for excessive scratching, red bite spots, tiny black specks of flea feces, and visible moving insects on the coat.
What are the signs that a dog has fleas? - in detail
Fleas leave distinct evidence on a canine host. The most immediate indicator is excessive scratching, biting, or licking, especially around the neck, tail base, and belly. This behavior often intensifies after a short period of rest, when the animal’s skin becomes more sensitive.
Visible insects may appear as small, dark specks moving through the fur. A closer inspection with a fine-toothed comb can reveal live fleas, which are laterally flattened, about 1–3 mm long, and jump when disturbed. Even if adult fleas are not seen, their feces—tiny black or dark brown specks resembling pepper—can be found on the skin or in the fur. These droppings contain digested blood and become more apparent after the dog has been in a warm environment.
Skin irritation manifests as red, inflamed patches. In some cases, secondary bacterial infections develop, producing pustules or crusty lesions. Hair loss may occur in localized areas where the animal constantly rubs or scratches.
Systemic signs include lethargy, loss of appetite, and a dull coat. In severe infestations, anemia can develop, evident through pale gums and rapid breathing. Puppies are especially vulnerable; a sudden drop in weight or weakness may signal a heavy flea burden.
Diagnostic steps involve:
- Conducting a thorough visual and tactile examination with a flea comb.
- Collecting and magnifying any dark specks to confirm they are flea feces.
- Performing a skin scrape or tape test if allergic dermatitis is suspected.
- Monitoring blood parameters for signs of anemia in heavily infested dogs.
Early detection relies on observing these behavioral and physical cues, followed by precise examination techniques. Prompt identification allows timely treatment, preventing further health complications.