What are the mites called in cats? - briefly
Cats commonly suffer from ear mites, scientifically named Otodectes cynotis. Occasionally, they may also host demodex mites (Demodex cati) that inhabit the skin.
What are the mites called in cats? - in detail
Mites that infest domestic felines are most commonly identified as ear mites, ear canal parasites, and skin‑dwelling mites. The primary species are:
- Otodectes cynotis – the classic ear mite; adults and larvae inhabit the external auditory canal, feeding on debris and fluids. Infestation produces dark, waxy discharge, intense scratching, and head shaking. Life cycle completes in 3–4 weeks, with eggs hatching in 3–4 days and larvae maturing on the host’s skin.
- Demodex cati – a follicular mite residing in hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Usually asymptomatic, it may cause alopecia, erythema, and papular dermatitis when populations surge. Transmission occurs primarily from dam to kitten during nursing; the lifecycle lasts roughly 3 weeks.
- Demodex gatoi – a superficial mite found on the skin surface. It triggers pruritic papules and crusting, especially on the face, neck, and forelimbs. Direct contact spreads the parasite; the entire cycle occurs on the host within 2–3 weeks.
- Sarcoptes scabiei – the sarcoptic mange mite; burrows into the epidermis, producing intense pruritus, papules, and crusted lesions. Although rare in cats, it can be transmitted from other species. The mite’s life span is about 2 weeks, with eggs laid within skin tunnels.
Diagnosis relies on microscopic examination of ear canal debris, skin scrapings, or acetate tape impressions. Identification of characteristic morphology—chelicerae shape, leg count, and body size—confirms the specific mite.
Treatment protocols differ by species:
- Otodectes – topical acaracides (e.g., selamectin, moxidectin) applied to the skin, combined with ear cleaning to remove debris.
- Demodex cati – systemic macrocyclic lactones (e.g., ivermectin) or isoxazolines (e.g., fluralaner) administered according to weight; environmental decontamination is unnecessary because the mite lives exclusively on the host.
- Demodex gatoi – oral isoxazolines are effective; topical treatments are less reliable due to superficial location.
- Sarcoptes – topical selamectin or systemic ivermectin, supplemented by environmental disinfection because the mite can survive off‑host for several days.
Prevention includes routine parasitic prophylaxis, regular ear inspections, and isolation of newly acquired cats until a full skin and ear assessment confirms freedom from infestation.