What are the consequences of mite infestation in cats? - briefly
Mite infestations provoke severe itching, dermatitis, hair loss, and secondary bacterial infections, and in extreme cases may lead to anemia due to blood loss.
What are the consequences of mite infestation in cats? - in detail
Mite infestations in felines produce a range of dermatological and systemic problems. The most immediate sign is intense pruritus, which leads to frequent scratching, biting, and grooming. Persistent irritation damages the epidermis, causing erythema, crusting, and focal alopecia. In severe cases, the skin may develop erosions or ulcerations that serve as entry points for bacterial or fungal pathogens, resulting in secondary pyoderma or dermatophytosis.
Ear mites specifically colonize the external auditory canal, creating dark, waxy debris and causing otitis externa. Inflammation of the ear canal can progress to secondary bacterial infections, pain, and hearing loss if untreated.
Two common mite species affect cats: Sarcoptes scabiei (causing sarcoptic mange) and Demodex cati (responsible for demodicosis). Sarcoptic mange produces a generalized rash, papules, and thickened skin (hyperkeratosis). Demodicosis often presents as localized alopecia with papular lesions, but generalized forms can lead to extensive hair loss, scaling, and thickened skin folds.
Systemic consequences may arise from chronic infestation. Continuous inflammation can trigger lymphadenopathy and mild anemia due to blood loss from skin lesions. In immunocompromised or geriatric cats, the disease can exacerbate underlying conditions, leading to weight loss, lethargy, and reduced appetite. Severe infestations may impair thermoregulation because of extensive hair loss, increasing susceptibility to hypothermia.
Behavioral changes accompany the physical discomfort. Affected cats frequently display agitation, reduced social interaction, and altered grooming habits. Persistent pain may cause reluctance to jump or climb, limiting normal activity.
Mite transmission to other animals and humans is possible. Direct contact spreads infestations among cohabiting pets, while some species, such as Sarcoptes, can cause transient dermatitis in humans (temporary itch and rash). Effective control therefore protects both the individual cat and the broader household.
Prompt diagnosis—typically via skin scrapings, ear swabs, or acetate tape impressions—allows targeted treatment. Topical acaricides, systemic ivermectin or selamectin, and supportive care (antibiotics for secondary infections, anti-inflammatory medications, and wound management) address the infestation and mitigate complications. Regular environmental decontamination reduces reinfestation risk.