What are sarcoptiform ticks in dogs? - briefly
«Sarcoptiform ticks» are microscopic ectoparasites of the order Sarcoptiformes that invade canine skin, burrowing into the epidermis and inducing intense itching and dermatitis. Prompt acaricidal therapy is essential to halt progression and avoid secondary infection.
What are sarcoptiform ticks in dogs? - in detail
Sarcoptiform ectoparasites that infest canines belong to the order Sarcoptiformes, a group of microscopic mites rather than true ticks. The most common species affecting dogs is Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis, which causes sarcoptic mange.
The mite life cycle comprises egg, larva, protonymph, tritonymph and adult stages. Development occurs on the host’s skin; each stage lasts 3‑5 days under optimal temperature and humidity. Adults mate on the skin surface, and fertilized females burrow into the stratum corneum to lay 10‑30 eggs per day. Transmission results from direct contact with infested animals or contaminated environments.
Clinical signs include intense pruritus, erythema, crusted lesions and alopecia. Early infestations produce papular dermatitis; advanced cases develop thickened, hyperkeratotic plaques, especially on the ears, elbows, and ventral abdomen. Secondary bacterial infections frequently accompany severe lesions.
Diagnostic procedures rely on:
- Skin scrapings examined microscopically for characteristic oval, ventrally curved mites.
- Tapered adhesive tape impressions to collect superficial mites when deep burrowing is limited.
- Histopathology of biopsy specimens for chronic cases with extensive hyperkeratosis.
Therapeutic regimens consist of systemic and topical acaricides. Recommended systemic agents include:
- Ivermectin (dose 200‑400 µg/kg once weekly for 2‑3 weeks).
- Selamectin (dose 6 mg/kg topically, repeated at 2‑week intervals).
Topical treatments such as amitraz dips or moxidectin‑containing spot‑on products provide additional control. Treatment duration must cover at least two full mite life cycles to prevent reinfestation.
Preventive measures focus on reducing exposure and maintaining hygiene:
- Regular inspection of new dogs before integration into a household.
- Isolation and treatment of infected or suspect animals.
- Routine application of broad‑spectrum ectoparasiticides according to veterinary guidelines.
- Cleaning and disinfecting bedding, kennels and grooming tools with agents effective against arthropod eggs and larvae.