What are ear ticks called? - briefly
Ear ticks are actually ear mites, most commonly the species Otodectes cynotis. They are microscopic arachnids that infest the external ear canal of mammals.
What are ear ticks called? - in detail
Ear mites, scientifically known as Otodectes cynotis, are the organisms most frequently referred to when the term “ear tick” is used. They belong to the subclass Acari within the class Arachnida and are obligate ectoparasites of mammals, especially dogs, cats, rabbits, and ferrets.
The adult mite measures approximately 0.3–0.5 mm in length, possesses a flattened body, and lacks eyes. Its mouthparts are adapted for scraping ear canal debris, while four pairs of legs enable rapid movement across the skin surface. The life cycle comprises egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, and adult stages; development from egg to adult takes about three weeks under optimal temperature and humidity.
Key characteristics of Otodectes cynotis infestations include:
- Dark, waxy cerumen in the ear canal, often mixed with blood.
- Intense pruritus causing head shaking and ear scratching.
- Inflammation of the external auditory meatus, sometimes leading to secondary bacterial infection.
- Potential spread to adjacent skin areas, especially around the pinna.
Diagnosis relies on microscopic examination of ear debris, revealing the characteristic oval-shaped mites with short legs. Alternative methods include otoscopic visualization of live specimens or commercial in‑clinic diagnostic kits.
Effective treatment options consist of:
- Topical acaricides (e.g., selamectin, moxidectin, or pyrethrin‑based formulations) applied directly to the ear canal.
- Systemic medications (e.g., ivermectin, milbemycin oxime) administered orally or by injection.
- Thorough cleaning of the ear canal with a veterinarian‑approved solution to remove debris and reduce mite load before medication application.
Preventive measures aim to interrupt the parasite’s life cycle:
- Regular ear inspections and cleaning for animals at risk.
- Monthly administration of broad‑spectrum ectoparasitic preventatives.
- Isolation and treatment of newly introduced pets before contact with resident animals.
Understanding the precise taxonomy and biology of Otodectes cynotis enables accurate identification, prompt therapeutic intervention, and effective long‑term control of ear mite infestations.