What are clothing lice? - briefly
Clothing lice are a type of body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis) that inhabit the seams and fibers of garments, feeding on human blood. They spread via shared or closely packed clothing, especially in crowded or unsanitary conditions.
What are clothing lice? - in detail
Clothing‑associated lice belong to the genus Trichodectes, specifically Trichodectes canis when infesting domestic dogs and Trichodectes felis on cats. These ectoparasites live permanently on the host’s fur, feeding on skin debris and secretions rather than blood. Their bodies are flattened, measuring 1–2 mm, with clawed legs adapted for gripping hair shafts.
The life cycle consists of three stages: egg (nit), nymph, and adult. Females embed eggs cemented to individual hairs; each egg hatches in 4–6 days. Nymphs undergo two molts over 10–14 days before reaching reproductive maturity. Adults survive up to 30 days on a suitable host, reproducing continuously throughout that period.
Typical signs of infestation include:
- Localized itching or irritation
- Visible white or tan nits attached to hair shafts
- Furry coat appearing dull or matted
- Small, mobile insects moving along the fur
Diagnosis relies on direct visual inspection of hair and skin, often aided by a fine‑toothed comb to detach nits. Microscopic examination confirms species identification.
Effective control measures comprise:
- Topical insecticidal preparations containing pyrethrins, selamectin, or imidacloprid, applied according to label instructions.
- Systemic agents such as ivermectin, administered orally or by injection, for severe or resistant cases.
- Thorough grooming to remove nits, followed by washing bedding, grooming tools, and the environment with insecticidal sprays.
Prevention focuses on regular grooming, routine veterinary examinations, and limiting contact with infested animals. In multi‑animal households, all companions should be treated simultaneously to break the infestation cycle.