Lice on a person: how to remove them? - briefly
Apply a pediculicide shampoo, then comb wet, conditioned hair with a fine-toothed lice comb, washing the comb and surrounding surfaces afterward. Repeat the process after 7–10 days to eradicate any newly hatched nits.
Lice on a person: how to remove them? - in detail
Head lice infestations affect the scalp, hair shafts, and clothing. Diagnosis relies on visual inspection of live insects or viable nits attached within ¼ inch of the scalp. Early detection prevents spread and reduces discomfort.
Effective eradication combines chemical agents, mechanical removal, and environmental control. The following protocol covers each component.
Chemical treatment
- Choose a pediculicide containing permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrin with piperonyl‑butoxide; apply according to the product label, typically to dry hair, leave for 10 minutes, then rinse.
- For resistant cases, prescribe a prescription‑strength lotion with benzyl alcohol (5 %) or ivermectin (0.5 %).
- Repeat the application after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched nymphs that survived the first dose.
Mechanical removal
- Use a fine‑toothed lice comb on wet, conditioned hair.
- Section hair, comb from scalp to tip in a single pass, then clean the comb with hot water after each stroke.
- Perform combing sessions every 2–3 days for two weeks.
Environmental decontamination
- Wash bedding, hats, and clothing worn within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to remove stray nits.
Follow‑up
- Re‑examine the scalp 14 days after the initial treatment.
- If live lice persist, repeat the chemical regimen with a different active ingredient to avoid resistance.
Prevention
- Advise regular head checks in children attending schools or camps.
- Prohibit sharing of combs, hats, hair accessories, and pillows.
- Encourage maintaining hair in a clean, dry state; excessive oil can facilitate egg adhesion.
By adhering to this structured approach—accurate identification, appropriate medicament, diligent combing, thorough cleaning, and vigilant follow‑up—infestations are eliminated efficiently, minimizing recurrence and transmission.