If a child has lice, what should be done and how should it be treated? - briefly
Confirm the presence of lice, then treat the scalp with an FDA‑approved pediculicide following the product’s instructions and repeat the application after 7–10 days; meanwhile, wash all bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water or seal them for two weeks to eliminate any remaining eggs.
If a child has lice, what should be done and how should it be treated? - in detail
When a child is found to have head lice, immediate confirmation is essential. Examine the scalp closely, using a fine-toothed comb on wet hair to locate live insects and nits attached within ¼ inch of the scalp. Focus on the nape, behind the ears, and the crown.
Initial actions
- Separate the affected child from classmates until treatment begins.
- Inform caregivers, teachers, and anyone who may have been in close contact.
- Gather all personal items that have touched the head (hats, scarves, hair accessories).
Treatment options
- Over‑the‑counter pediculicides – products containing permethrin 1% or pyrethrin combined with piperonyl butoxide. Apply according to label instructions, typically to dry hair, leave for the recommended time, then rinse. A second application 7–10 days later eliminates newly hatched lice.
- Prescription agents – malathion 0.5%, ivermectin 0.5% lotion, or benzyl alcohol 5% lotion for resistant cases or when OTC options fail. Use under medical supervision; follow precise dosing and timing.
- Mechanical removal – wet‑comb method using a fine‑toothed nit comb. Section hair, apply conditioner, and pull the comb from scalp to tip in short strokes. Repeat every 2–3 days for at least two weeks. This approach avoids chemicals and is effective when performed consistently.
Environmental decontamination
- Machine‑wash bedding, towels, and clothing used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 130 °F) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items (e.g., stuffed toys) in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats to remove shed hairs and nits.
- Do not use fumigants or insecticide sprays on furniture; they provide no benefit.
Follow‑up
- Re‑examine the child 7–10 days after the first treatment. If live lice are still present, repeat the chosen medication or switch to an alternative.
- Continue wet‑comb checks weekly for four weeks to ensure complete eradication.
- Educate caregivers on avoiding head‑to‑head contact, not sharing personal hair items, and performing regular scalp inspections.
By confirming infestation promptly, applying an evidence‑based treatment regimen, sanitizing the child’s environment, and maintaining vigilant follow‑up, lice can be eliminated efficiently and recurrence minimized.