How to treat subcutaneous mites in rats? - briefly
Administer a systemic acaricide such as ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg orally or subcutaneously, repeated after 7 days) and maintain strict cage hygiene, including regular cleaning and replacement of bedding, to eliminate the infestation and prevent reinfestation.
How to treat subcutaneous mites in rats? - in detail
Subcutaneous mite infestations in rats require prompt identification, appropriate pharmacologic intervention, and environmental management to prevent recurrence.
The first step is confirming the presence of mites beneath the skin. Clinical signs include localized swelling, erythema, alopecia, and pruritus. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings or impression smears reveals motile larvae or adult forms. In severe cases, ultrasonography can visualize cystic structures containing parasites.
Pharmacologic options fall into two categories: topical acaricides and systemic agents.
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Topical treatments
Ivermectin-based creams applied directly to affected areas at a concentration of 1 % once daily for three consecutive days effectively eliminates mites. Selamectin gel, administered at 0.2 mg/kg, can be used for a single dose, with a repeat after 7 days if lesions persist. Ensure the product is labeled for rodents to avoid toxicity. -
Systemic treatments
Ivermectin administered subcutaneously at 0.2–0.4 mg/kg provides rapid parasite clearance. Repeat dosing after 5 days addresses immature stages. Milbemycin oxime given orally at 0.5 mg/kg daily for 5 days is an alternative for animals that cannot tolerate topical application. Monitor for neurotoxic signs, especially in pregnant or lactating females.
Dosage calculations must consider the animal’s weight to avoid overdose. Administer injections in the dorsal cervical region to minimize stress. Record the exact time of each dose for accurate follow‑up.
Environmental control eliminates sources of reinfestation. Remove bedding, sanitize cages with a 1 % quaternary ammonia solution, and replace all nesting material. Treat the surrounding room with a residual acaricide spray (e.g., permethrin 0.5 %) applied to surfaces and ventilation ducts. Maintain humidity below 50 % to discourage mite development.
Post‑treatment monitoring includes daily inspection of skin lesions for reduction in size and absence of new cysts. Repeat skin scrapings after 10 days confirm eradication. If any lesions persist, extend systemic therapy by an additional 3 days or switch to an alternative acaricide.
Preventive measures consist of routine health checks, quarantine of new arrivals for at least 30 days, and periodic prophylactic ivermectin administration (0.2 mg/kg, monthly) in breeding colonies with a history of infestation. Documentation of all treatments and observations supports traceability and facilitates timely response to future outbreaks.