How to treat lice in an adult? - briefly
Apply an over‑the‑counter pediculicide (e.g., 1 % permethrin cream rinse) to wet hair, leave for the recommended time, rinse, and repeat the treatment after 7–10 days; follow with meticulous combing using a fine‑toothed nit comb. Wash all clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water or seal them in plastic bags for at least 48 hours to prevent re‑infestation.
How to treat lice in an adult? - in detail
Adult head‑lice infestations require accurate identification, immediate chemical or mechanical treatment, and thorough environmental control.
Diagnosis relies on visual inspection of the scalp and hair for live insects, nymphs, or viable eggs (nits) attached within 1 cm of the hair shaft. Use a fine‑tooth lice comb on damp hair; a single live louse confirms infestation.
Treatment options fall into three categories:
- Topical pediculicides – permethrin 1 % lotion, pyrethrin‑based products, or dimethicone 4 % cream rinse. Apply to dry hair, leave for the manufacturer‑specified duration (usually 10 min), rinse, and repeat after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched lice.
- Prescription agents – malathion 0.5 % lotion, ivermectin 0.5 % lotion, or oral ivermectin (200 µg/kg, single dose). Use when resistance to over‑the‑counter formulations is suspected or after treatment failure.
- Mechanical removal – wet combing with a fine‑tooth nit comb every 2–3 days for two weeks. This method avoids chemical exposure and is effective when performed consistently.
A comprehensive protocol:
1. Apply chosen topical agent according to label instructions; cover hair with a plastic cap if required.
2. After the prescribed contact time, wash hair thoroughly with warm water and shampoo.
3. Repeat the application 7–10 days later to target hatchlings.
4. Perform wet combing at least once daily for 14 days, removing all visible lice and nits.
5. Launder clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be washed should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks.
6. Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and vehicle seats; discard vacuum bags promptly.
7. Inspect close contacts (family members, sexual partners) and treat prophylactically if any signs appear.
8. Schedule a follow‑up examination 2 weeks after the final treatment to confirm eradication.
If live lice persist after two treatment cycles, consider switching to a different chemical class or adding oral ivermectin. Persistent cases may indicate resistance or reinfestation; reassess hygiene practices and environmental measures.
Document treatment dates, products used, and outcomes to guide future management and reduce recurrence risk.