How to treat hair lice? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide (shampoo, lotion, or spray) according to the package instructions, then use a fine‑toothed nit comb to remove eggs after 7–10 days and repeat the treatment as directed. Maintain clean bedding and personal items to prevent re‑infestation.
How to treat hair lice? - in detail
Effective removal of head lice requires a systematic approach that combines chemical or physical agents, thorough combing, and environmental control. The process can be divided into three phases: immediate eradication, follow‑up treatment, and prevention of re‑infestation.
The first phase involves applying a pediculicide or a mechanical method. Pediculicides approved by health authorities contain ingredients such as permethrin (1 %), pyrethrin, or dimethicone. Apply the product according to the label, ensuring coverage of the scalp and all hair shafts. Leave the solution on for the specified time, then rinse thoroughly. For families seeking non‑chemical options, a silicone‑based lotion (e.g., dimethicone 4 %) can suffocate insects without toxicity. Apply generously, cover with a shower cap, and leave for 8–12 hours before washing.
After the initial application, perform wet combing. Use a fine‑toothed lice comb on damp, conditioned hair. Starting at the scalp, pull the comb through to the tips, cleaning each tooth after every pass. Repeat the process for each section of the head, then rinse the comb in hot water. This step removes live lice and nits that survived the chemical treatment.
The second phase consists of a repeat treatment 7–10 days after the first. Lice eggs hatch within 7–10 days; a second application eliminates newly emerged nymphs. Use the same product or repeat the wet‑combing routine for at least three consecutive days to ensure complete clearance.
Environmental control reduces the chance of recurrence. Wash all bedding, clothing, and personal items used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 130 °F/54 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in plastic bags for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to remove stray hairs that may contain nits.
A concise checklist for complete management:
- Apply an approved pediculicide or silicone lotion; follow label timing.
- Conduct thorough wet combing with a fine‑toothed lice comb.
- Repeat treatment after 7–10 days; continue combing for three days.
- Launder or seal all personal textiles and bedding.
- Vacuum and clean living areas; discard hair accessories.
- Inspect all household members daily for at least two weeks.
Adhering to this protocol eliminates active infestations and minimizes the risk of future outbreaks.