How to treat flea infestations in humans? - briefly
Apply a licensed topical insecticide or flea‑specific shampoo to eliminate parasites, then use an antihistamine or hydrocortisone cream to relieve itching and inflammation. Wash bedding, clothing, and living areas with hot water and vacuum thoroughly to prevent re‑infestation.
How to treat flea infestations in humans? - in detail
Flea bites on the skin cause itching, redness, and sometimes allergic reactions. Prompt management reduces discomfort and prevents secondary infection.
The first step is to clean the affected areas with mild soap and water. This removes any residual insects and reduces bacterial load. After washing, apply a cold compress for several minutes to diminish swelling and soothe irritation.
For symptomatic relief, use topical antihistamine creams or corticosteroid ointments. Apply a thin layer to each bite no more than three times daily. Oral antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine 10 mg) can be taken if itching is widespread. When a bacterial infection is suspected—evidenced by pus, increasing warmth, or expanding redness—administer a short course of oral antibiotics such as cephalexin 500 mg three times a day for five days.
If the person shows signs of an allergic response (hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of lips or tongue), seek emergency medical care immediately; epinephrine injection may be required.
Environmental control is essential to stop re‑infestation. Steps include:
- Vacuum carpets, rugs, and upholstery thoroughly; discard the vacuum bag or clean the canister after each use.
- Wash all bedding, clothing, and towels in hot water (minimum 60 °C) and dry on the highest heat setting.
- Treat pets with veterinarian‑approved flea preventatives; infestations in humans often originate from animals.
- Apply an insecticide spray or fogger labeled for indoor flea control, following label directions and ventilating the area afterward.
- Seal cracks in floors and walls to limit flea movement between rooms.
After treatment, monitor the skin for persistent redness, swelling, or signs of infection for at least one week. If symptoms do not improve within 48 hours of topical or oral therapy, consult a healthcare professional for possible alternative diagnoses such as scabies or cellulitis.
In summary, effective management combines immediate skin care, appropriate pharmacologic relief, vigilant hygiene, and thorough environmental decontamination.